![]() The dissociative effects of ketamine appear to be dose-dependent and are commonly described as having an extracorporeal sensation that can be accompanied by synesthetic hallucinations, even when given at a subanesthetic doses. Across various studies, the most common physiological adverse effects reported included dissociation and slight increases in blood pressure which have been observed to resolve upon elimination of ketamine from the system. In a recent systematic review study of 35 randomized controlled trials of ketamine for unipolar depression, intravenous ketamine was effective in 70% of the included studies (21/30) and oral and intranasal ketamine were demonstrated to be effective in five studies total. Ketamine was FDA-approved in the 1970s as an anesthetic agent and has been found to be safe and effective in the treatment of depression in the context of a number of controlled studies. The hypothesized mechanism of action for ketamine’s antidepressant effects include direct effects of NMDA receptor antagonism as well as additional mechanisms which may include ketamine metabolites. Ketamine is a dissociative arycyclohexylamine derivative and an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. ![]() Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |